Black SoHo

A timeline of loft culture,
galleries & creative spaces

Every founding, loft acquisition, exhibition, and space-defining moment referenced across two essays on Black SoHo — from Romare Bearden’s 1956 loft to Camille Billops’s death in 2019.

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Studios & loftsGalleries & collectivesExhibitions & recognitionPerformance & publishingLife milestones

357 Canal St

Romare Bearden acquires a loft

One of the first Black artists to hold his own downtown space.

1956
1957

East Village

Ed Clark co-founds Brata Gallery

Artist-run cooperative; Clark returns to New York from Paris.

147 Christopher Street

Spiral collective is founded

By Romare Bearden, Norman Lewis, and Emma Amos, among others.

1963
1967

64 Grand Street

Norman Lewis moves into his SoHo studio

Maintained until his death in 1979.

131 Prince Street

Coleman purchases two floors in the building

Bought from the Fluxus co-op, at the suggestion of Yoko Ono.

1968

451 West Broadway

Vivian Browne acquires her loft

Guided to SoHo by friend and neighbor Norman Lewis.

32 King Street

Emma Amos establishes herself in SoHo

Youngest and only female member of the Spiral collective.

Astor Place

Cinque Gallery founded at Astor Place

Cofounded by Norman Lewis, Romare Bearden, and Ernest Crichlow.

1969

Citywide

Browne co-founds the BECC

Black Emergency Cultural Coalition protests museum exclusion of Black artists.

late 60s

131 Prince Street

Ornette Coleman founds “Artist House”

A multidisciplinary incubator for music performance and art exhibition.

131 Prince Street

Frederick J. Brown visits Coleman’s loft

Arrives from Chicago that summer; calls it “Shangri-La” for the downtown avant-garde.

1970

SoHo

SoHo Artists Association organizes

Lobbies for rezoning to let artists legally live in industrial lofts; members included Vivian Browne and Ornette Coleman.

New York

Billops completes her sculpture Mother

Distills her biomorphic, dreamlike visual language.

101 Spring Street

Ed Clark’s solo show at Donald Judd’s loft

This was one of the era’s rare crossings between Black SoHo and the mainstream SoHo art scene.

1971

SoHo

New York City legalizes residential use of SoHo lofts

A turning point that let artists legally live and work in the neighborhood’s industrial lofts.

1971–74

131 Prince Street

Artist House hosts visual-art exhibitions

Includes shows by Camille Billops (1973) and Vivian Browne (1974).

120 Wooster Street

Frederick J. Brown founds his loft studio

Founded that winter; a 5,000+ sq. ft. hub for multidisciplinary exchange.

1972

SoHo loft

Billops & Hatch found their archive

The Hatch-Billops Collection, later formalized via Artists and Influence.

491 Broadway

Billops & Hatch acquire their loft from George Maciunas

Becomes a gathering place for artists, writers, and activists.

131 Prince Street

Billops’s Ceramic Sculptures exhibition

Her first New York show.

1973

New York

Emma Amos paints Eva the Babysitter

Later exhibited at Tate Modern’s Soul of a Nation (2017).

120 Wooster Street

Brown’s film Portrait of an Artist

Made with Anthony Ramos; renders the loft as a creative stage.

131 Prince Street

Browne’s solo show at Artist House

Featured Seven Deadly Sins, Guard of the Palace and her Little Men series.

The Bowery

Kenkeleba House founded on The Bowery

Cofounded by Joe Overstreet, Corrine Jennings and Samuel C. Floyd.

1974

Harlem

David Hammons arrives from Los Angeles

Works from Harlem but stays in constant, transient contact with the downtown scene.

New York

Norman Lewis paints Sheaves

Inspired by time at Jack Whitten’s Crete residence with Ed Clark.

1975
1978

SOHO20 Gallery

Billops speaks on “Third World Women” panel

On Oct. 13, alongside Vivian Browne, Howardena Pindell, and Faith Ringgold.

New York

Norman Lewis dies

Had maintained his SoHo studio since 1967.

SoHo

Billops joins SOHO20 as a full member

Vivian Browne becomes a member around the same time.

1979

Heresies collective

Browne joins Third World Women project

Continues her active role in race and feminism discourse.

SoHo loft

Billops & Hatch launch Artists and Influence

Self-financed oral-history journal, running for thirty years.

New York

Emma Amos creates Swing

Incorporates weaving into painting and prints.

1981

100 Prince Street

Basquiat works in Annina Nosei’s basement

Blocks from Frederick J. Brown’s 120 Wooster Street studio.

Downtown Manhattan

Basquiat stars in Downtown 81

Follows Basquiat through the downtown art scene.

New York

Browne edits Racism is the Issue

A Heresies issue furthering Black feminist consciousness.

1982
1983

Cooper Square

Hammons stages Bliz-aard Ball Sale

Sells snowballs as street vendor, critiquing commodity and value.

SoHo

Just Above Midtown relocates to SoHo

Founded by Linda Goode Bryant in 1974, the gallery brings crucial exhibition space and visibility downtown.

Midtown Manhattan

Linda Goode Bryant founds Just Above Midtown

Moves to SoHo, becoming a key exhibition space.

1984

Port Authority, NY

Amos curates a show with Browne’s work

Staged outside SoHo’s own “alternative spaces.”

SoHo

Guerrilla Girls founded, held meetings in SoHo

Amos was an original member.

1985
1987

166 Mercer St

June Kelly Gallery established

The gallery championed Black artists.

Studios, galleries & exhibitions

Where it happened in SoHo

A cropped, zoomable cutout of SoHo carrying the same three categories from the timeline above, pinned at their real addresses. Scroll or pinch inside the frame to zoom in.

SoHo, Manhattan
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Studios & loftsGalleries & collectivesExhibitions & recognition Multiple categories